Stressor Response Library

Temperature

Mean Daily Temp During Incubation C

Scheuerell M.D., Hilborn R., Ruckelshaus M.H., Bartz K.K., Lagueux K.M., Haas A.D. & Rawson K. (2006) The Shiraz model: a tool for incorporating anthropogenic effects and fish-habitat relationships in conservation planning. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 63, 1596–1607. Honea, J. M., Jorgensen, J. C., McCLURE, M. M., Cooney, T. D., Engie, K., Holzer, D. M., & Hilborn, R. (2009). Evaluating habitat effects on population status: influence of habitat restoration on spring‐run Chinook salmon. Freshwater Biology, 54(7), 1576-1592.

Sediment increase

Relative increase in sediment from background Unitless

Government of Alberta. 2024. Sediment stressor-response function for Athabasca Rainbow Trout, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, and Bull Trout. Environment and Protected Area Native Trout Cumulative Effects Model. Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2013. Bull Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/bull-trout-fsi Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2018. Westslope Cutthroat Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/westslope-cutthroat-trout-fsi Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2019. Athabasca Rainbow Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/athabasca-rainbow-trout-fsi ALCES 2012. Upper Bow River Basin Cumulative Effects Study. Report for Action for Agriculture, Alberta. 100 pp. Chapman, D. W. 1988. Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of large salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 117: 1-21 Donahue, W.F. 2013. Determining Appropriate Nutrient and Sediment Loading Coefficients for Modelling Effects of Changes in Landuse and Landcover in Alberta Watersheds. Water Matters Society of Alberta, Canmore, AB. 52pp. Lachance, S., M. Dube, R. Dostie, and P. Berube. 2008. Temporal and spatial quantification of fine-sediment accumulation downstream of culverts in brook trout habitat. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137: 1826-1838 MacPherson, L., Sullivan, M., Reilly, J., and Paul, A. 2019. Alberta’s Fisheries Sustainability Assessment: A Guide to Assessing Population Status, and Quantifying Cumulative Effects using the Joe Modelling Technique. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2019/058. vii + 45p Muck. J. 2010. Biological effects of sedimentation on Bull Trout and their habitat – guidance for evaluating effects. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. Lacey, WA Newcombe, C. P. 2003. Impact assessment model for clear water fishes exposed to excessively cloudy water. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39: 529-544 Stelfox, B., M. Anielski, M. Carlson, and T. Antoniuk. 2008. Alberta Southern East Slopes Integrated Land Management Pilot Project. Prepared for Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development by the ASPEN Group. 55 p. Venables, W. N., and B. D. Ripley. 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2_1 Welsh, M. J. 2008. Sediment Production and Delivery from Forest Roads and Off-Highway Vehicle Trails in the Upper South Platte River Watershed, Colorado. MSc thesis, Colorado State University Zuur, A.F., E.N. Leno and C.S. Elphick. 2010. A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1:3-14

Sediment

Relative increase in sediment from background tonnes/ha/year

Government of Alberta. 2024. Sediment stressor-response function for Athabasca Rainbow Trout, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, and Bull Trout. Environment and Protected Area Native Trout Cumulative Effects Model. Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2013. Bull Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/bull-trout-fsi Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2018. Westslope Cutthroat Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/westslope-cutthroat-trout-fsi Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP). 2019. Athabasca Rainbow Trout Fish Sustainability Index. Alberta Fish and Wildlife Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta. https://www.alberta.ca/athabasca-rainbow-trout-fsi ALCES 2012. Upper Bow River Basin Cumulative Effects Study. Report for Action for Agriculture, Alberta. 100 pp. Chapman, D. W. 1988. Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of large salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 117: 1-21 Donahue, W.F. 2013. Determining Appropriate Nutrient and Sediment Loading Coefficients for Modelling Effects of Changes in Landuse and Landcover in Alberta Watersheds. Water Matters Society of Alberta, Canmore, AB. 52pp. Lachance, S., M. Dube, R. Dostie, and P. Berube. 2008. Temporal and spatial quantification of fine-sediment accumulation downstream of culverts in brook trout habitat. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137: 1826-1838 MacPherson, L., Sullivan, M., Reilly, J., and Paul, A. 2019. Alberta’s Fisheries Sustainability Assessment: A Guide to Assessing Population Status, and Quantifying Cumulative Effects using the Joe Modelling Technique. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2019/058. vii + 45p Muck. J. 2010. Biological effects of sedimentation on Bull Trout and their habitat – guidance for evaluating effects. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. Lacey, WA Newcombe, C. P. 2003. Impact assessment model for clear water fishes exposed to excessively cloudy water. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39: 529-544 Stelfox, B., M. Anielski, M. Carlson, and T. Antoniuk. 2008. Alberta Southern East Slopes Integrated Land Management Pilot Project. Prepared for Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development by the ASPEN Group. 55 p. Venables, W. N., and B. D. Ripley. 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2_1 Welsh, M. J. 2008. Sediment Production and Delivery from Forest Roads and Off-Highway Vehicle Trails in the Upper South Platte River Watershed, Colorado. MSc thesis, Colorado State University Zuur, A.F., E.N. Leno and C.S. Elphick. 2010. A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1:3-14

Selenium

Whole body selenium concentration µg/g

Government of Alberta. 2024. Selenium stressor-response function for Athabasca Rainbow Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Environment and Protected Area Native Trout Cumulative Effects Model. Barceloux, D.G. 1999. Selenium. Clinical Toxicology 37: 145-172. Fortin, B.L. 2010. Selenium dynamics in Canadian Rocky Mountain lakes. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta. 130 pp. Frost, D.V., and P.M. Lish. 1975. Selenium in biology. Annual Review of Pharmacology 15: 259-284. Hamilton, S.J., and R.H. Wiedmeyer. 1990. Concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in Chinook salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119:500–510. Hamilton, S.J., Palmisano, A.N., Wedemeyer, G.A., and W.T. Yasutake. 1986. Impacts of selenium on early life stages and smoltification of fall Chinook salmon. Transactions of North American Wildlife Natural Resources Conference 51:343-356. Hardy, R.W., L.L. Oram, and G. Moller. 2010. Effects of dietary selenomethionine on cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) growth and reproductive performance over a life cycle. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58: 237-245. Hodson, P.V., D.J. Spry, and B.R. Blunt. 1980. Effects on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of a chronic exposure to waterborne selenium. Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Science 37:233–240. Kennedy, C.J., L.E. McDonald, R. Loveridge, and M.M. Strosher. 2000. The effect of bioaccumulated selenium on mortalities and deformities in the eggs, larvae, and fry of a wild population of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39: 46-52. Lemly A.D. 2004. Aquatic selenium pollution is a global environmental safety issue. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 59(1):44-56. Palace, V.P., C. Baron, R.E. Evans, J. Holm, S. Kollar, K. Wautier, J. Werner, P. Siwik, G. Sterling, and C.F. Johnson. 2004. An assessment of the potential for selenium to impair reproduction in bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, from an area of active coal mining. Environmental Biology of Fishes 70: 169-174. Pilgrim, N.L. 2012. Multigenerational effects of selenium in rainbow trout, brook trout, and cutthroat trout. M.Sc. thesis, University of Lethbridge. Lethbridge, AB. 123 pp. Sappington K.G. 2002. Development of aquatic life criteria for selenium: a regulatory perspective on critical issues and research needs. Aquatic Toxicology 57:101–113. Van Kirk, R.W., and S.L. Hill. 2007. Demographic model predicts trout population response to selenium based on individual-level toxicity. Ecological Modelling 206:407-420. Wang, Z., and Y. Gao, 2001. Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in Chinese environments. Applied Geochemistry 16: 1345-1351.

Temperature

Stream Temperature °C

Beechie, T. J., C. Nicol, C. Fogel, J. Jorgensen, J. Thompson, G. Seixas, J. Chamberlin, J. Hall, B. Timpane-Padgham, P. Kiffney, S. Kubo, and J. Keaton. 2021. Modeling Effects of Habitat Change and Restoration Alternatives on Salmon in the Chehalis River Basin Using a Salmonid Life-Cycle Model. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Contract Report NMFS-NWFSC-CR-2021-01.

Summer rearing temperature

July-August average stream temperature °C

CEMPRA Team 2024. Relationship between stream temperatures and juvenile survival for Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Bear, E.A., T.E. McMahon, A.V. Zale. 2007. Comparative Thermal Requirements of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout: Implications for Species Interactions and Development of Thermal Protection Standards. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 136: 1113-1121

Temperature

Mean August air temperature °C

Government of Alberta. 2024. Temperature stressor-response function for Bull Trout. Environment and Protected Area Native Trout Cumulative Effects Model. AARTRT - Alberta Athabasca Rainbow Trout Recovery Team. 2014. Alberta Athabasca Rainbow Trout Recovery Plan, 2014-2019. Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resources Development, Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. 36. Edmonton, AB. 111 pp. AWCTRT - Alberta Westslope Cutthroat Trout Recovery Team. 2013. Alberta Westslope Cutthroat Trout Recovery Plan: 2012-2017. Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resources Development, Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. 28. Edmonton, AB. 77 pp. Dunham, J., B. Rieman, and G. Chandler. 2003. Influences of temperature and environmental variables on the distribution of Bull Trout within streams at the southern margin of its range. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23:894-904. Government of Alberta (GOA). 2023. Alberta Bull Trout Recovery Plan. Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. 46. Edmonton, AB. 64 pp. Hamann, A., and T. Wang. 2005. Models of climatic normals for genecology and climate change studies in British Columbia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 128:211–221. Mohseni, O., H.G. Stefan, and T.R. Erickson. 1998. A nonlinear regression model for weekly stream temperatures. Water Resources Research 34:2685-2692. Selong, J.H., T.E. McMahon, A.V. Zale, and F.T. Barrows. 2001. Effect of temperature on growth and survival of Bull Trout, with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:1026–1037. Wang, T., A. Hamann, D. Spittlehouse, and S.N. Aitken. 2006. Development of scale-free climate data for western Canada for use in resource management. International Journal of Climatology 26:383–397. Wenger, S.J., D.J. Isaak, J.B. Dunham, K.D. Fausch, C.H. Luce, H.M. Neville, B.E. Rieman, M.K. Young, D.E. Nagel, D.L. Horan, and G.L. Chandler. 2011. Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 68: 988–1008.

Fines

Substrate Fine Coverage (<0.85mm) Rank Score

Lestelle, L. C., Mobrand, L. E., & McConnaha, W. E. (2004). Information structure of Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) and habitat rating rules for Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and Steelhead trout. Mobrand Biometrics, Inc. Copyright © 2004 Mobrand Biometrics, Inc. https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/fish510/PDF/coho%20ck%20rules.pdf Tagart, J. V. 1984. Coho salmon survival from egg deposition to fry emergence. in J. M. Walton and D. B. Jouston, editors. Proceedings of the Olympic wild fish conference. Peninsula College Fisheries Technology Program Port Angeles, WA.

Sedimentation

Substrate particles % smaller than 6.35mm

Bjornn, T. C., & Reiser, D. W. (1991). Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 19(837), 99. Tappel, P. D., & Bjornn, T. C. (1983). A new method of relating size of spawning gravel to salmonid embryo survival. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 3(2).

Temperature

Average daily mean and maximum °C

Usoof, A.M. and Rosenfeld, J.S. 2024. Relationship between system capacity and spring and summer temperature for Nooksack Dace. Edwards, E. A., H. Li, and C. B. Schreck. 1983. Habitat Suitability Index Models: Longnose Dace. U.S. Dept. Int., FishWildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/10.33. Gray, J. C., and J. S. Rosenfeld. 2024. Habitat effects on recruitment, population limitations, and recovery potential in an endangered stream fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 81:1468–1480. Pearson, M. P. 2004. The ecology, status and recovery prospects of Noonsack Dace (Rhinichthys Cataractae ssp.) and Salish Sucker (Catostomus sp.) in Canada. University of British Columbia. Ramirez, S. Z. 2024. Modelling the impact of human development and water quality on hypoxia. University of British Columbia. Rosenfeld, J., M. P. Pearson, J. Miners, and K. Zinn. 2021. Effects of landscape-scale hypoxia on Salish sucker and salmonid habitat associations : implications for endangered 1233:1219–1233. Weller, J. D., R. D. D. Moore, J. C. Iacarella, J. D. Weller, R. D. D. Moore, J. C. I. Nov, and J. D. Weller. 2023. Thermalscape scenarios for British Columbia , Canada. Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques.

Temperature

Tank Temperature °C

Bear, E. A., McMahon, T. E., & Zale, A. V. (2007). Comparative thermal requirements of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout: implications for species interactions and development of thermal protection standards. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(4), 1118.

Water Temperature

°C

Usoof, A.M. and Rosenfeld, J.S. 2024. Relationship between system capacity and mean water temperature for Salish Sucker. Edwards, E. A. 1983. Habitat Suitability Index Models: Longnose Sucker. U.S. Dept. Int., FishWildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/10.35. Pearson, M. P. 2004. The ecology, status and recovery prospects of Noonsack Dace (Rhinichthys Cataractae ssp.) and Salish Sucker (Catostomus sp.) in Canada. PhD Thesis. University of British Columbia. Ramirez, S. Z. 2024. Modelling the impact of human development and water quality on hypoxia. MSc Thesis. University of British Columbia. Rosenfeld, J., M. P. Pearson, J. Miners, and K. Zinn. 2021. Effects of landscape-scale hypoxia on Salish sucker and salmonid habitat associations : implications for endangered 1233:1219–1233. Weller, J. D., R. D. D. Moore, J. C. Iacarella, J. D. Weller, R. D. D. Moore, J. C. I. Nov, and J. D. Weller. 2023. Thermalscape scenarios for British Columbia , Canada. Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques.

Turbidity

Turbidity (by riffle depth) at 0.1m NTU

Cramer, S. P., & Ackerman, N. K. (2009). Prediction of stream carrying capacity for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): the unit characteristic method. In American Fisheries Society, Series: Symposium (Vol. 71, pp. 255-288).

Turbidity

Turbidity (by riffle depth) at 0.5m NTU

Cramer, S. P., & Ackerman, N. K. (2009). Prediction of stream carrying capacity for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): the unit characteristic method. In American Fisheries Society, Series: Symposium (Vol. 71, pp. 255-288).

Whirling Disease

Whirling Disease Risk Factor Unitless

Government of Alberta. 2024. Whirling disease stressor-response function for Athabasca Rainbow Trout. Environment and Protected Area Native Trout Cumulative Effects Model. Baerwald, M.R., J.L. Petersen, R.P. Hedrick, G.J. Schisler and B. May. 2011. A major effect quantitative trait locus for whirling disease resistance identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Heredity 106:920-926. Nehring, R.B. and P.G. Walker. 1996. Whirling disease in the wild: the new reality in the intermountain west. Fisheries 21:28-30. Paul, A.J. and J. Reilly. 2016. Whirling disease –risk mapping for the Bow River Basin. Technical report for Fisheries Management, Alberta Environment and Parks. Cochrane, AB. 1 Sept 2016. 14 pp. Sullivan, M.G. and S. Spencer. 2016. Cumulative effect of whirling disease and fishing mortality on Alberta trout populations. Technical report, Fisheries Management, Alberta Environment and Parks. Edmonton, AB. 29 August 2016. 10 pp. Vincent, E.R. 1996. Whirling disease and wild trout: the Montana experience. Fisheries 21:32-33.

Wood Cover

Wood Cover Wood Complexity Rating

Cramer, S. P., & Ackerman, N. K. (2009). Prediction of stream carrying capacity for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): the unit characteristic method. In American Fisheries Society, Series: Symposium (Vol. 71, pp. 255-288).